Fanny Bré in the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939): The meaning of nursing care in the international brigades.

Fanny Bré was a volunteer nurse in the International Brigades, who fought in the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939) on the side of the democratically elected Republican government. The objective of this study is to understand the relationship between Bré's antifascist ideas, her conception of care and the activities she carried out in the Spanish hospitals of Casa Roja (Murcia), Villa Paz (Selices, Cuenca) and Vic (Barcelona). We use narrative biography to describe Bré's personal, political and professional trajectory. To do so, we conducted a content analysis of primary sources archived in Spain, Russia and France and secondary sources that emerged from a thorough literature review. We identified three thematic axes: (1) a concept of nursing in the service of the antifascist struggle, (2) nursing activity for high-quality care and (3) political action for improving hospital organisation and care. The interest of Bré's texts transcends the war in Spain because, in them, Bré questions the neutrality of care by revealing that care can itself be a political act.

The Nurses No-One Remembers: Looking for Spanish Nurses in Accounts of the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939).

Accounts of Spanish nursing and nurses during the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939) that appear in the memoirs and correspondence of International Brigade volunteers, and are subsequently repeated in the secondary literature on the war, give little indication of existence of trained nurses in country. We set out to examine this apparent erasure of the long tradition of skilled nursing in Spain and the invisibility of thousands of Spanish nurses engaged in the war effort. We ask two questions: How can we understand the narrative thrust of the international volunteer accounts and subsequent historiography? And what was the state of nursing in Spain on the Republican side during the war as presented by Spanish participants and historians? We put the case that the narrative erasure of Spanish professional nursing prior to the Civil War was the result of the politicization of nursing under the Second Republic, its repression and reengineering under the Franco dictatorship, and the subsequent national policy of "oblivion" or forgetting that dominated the country during the transition to democracy. This policy silenced the stories of veteran nurses and prevented an examination of the impact of the Civil War on the Spanish nursing profession.

[Follow-up of a case by the hospital-at-home service: a new alternative]. / Seguimiento de un caso clínico en hospitalización a domicilio: una nueva alternativa.

The present article is a continuation of two previously published articles in Enfermería Clínica that describe the clinical course of María, a 26-year-old woman with Down syndrome. The first article described the patient's admission to the intensive care unit (ICU) with a diagnosis of atypical pneumonia. During admission, the patient was completely dependent. The second article described the weaning process when the patient showed anxiety, which was favorably resolved. Maria was discharged to a conventional ward with a nursing discharge report that contained the nursing care performed during her stay in the ICU. The present article describes the patient's follow-up by the hospital-at-home team. The specialized team suggested to María that she continue admission with the possibility of being at home until she could be discharged and followed-up by primary care. The evaluations were performed in 2 phases: a first evaluation before the patient's return to home, in which the suitability of domiciliary care was evaluated, and a second evaluation in which care was planned with María and her family. A hygiene deficit and ineffective management of the family therapeutic regimen were identified. Both problems were approached by the specialized healthcare team within the context of domiciliary care, in which work with the family is essential.

[Nursing treatments in Majorca]. / Los cuidados enfermeros en Mallorca.

In this article, the authors analyze the role the "Sant Vicente de Paül" Sisters of Charity had in treating the ill in Majorca during the 19th Century. The authors carried out their research on two primary resources: The Rules of Life and a record of members of the order called the Book of the Curia. The authors tried to identify the methods the sisters followed in their work inside the Rules, searching for those aspects indicating their possible influence on the health of the population to whom they served as well as searching for references to their dedication as teachers, nurses and/or managers. In the Book of the Curia, the authors analyze the social data registered for the first 320 members of the order; evaluating their age upon entrance, their length of stay in the order, their job, and the cause of their death in order to compare these according to whether a sister was a teacher or a nurse.

Ansiedad durante el proceso de destete. Estudio de un caso / Anxiety during the weaning process. Study of a case

María es una mujer de 26 años, con síndrome de Down, obesidad mórbida y antecedentes de problemas cardíacos, ingresada en una unidad de cuidados intensivos (UCI) a causa de una neumonía atípica, y en el momento de la valoración estaba sedada y conectada a un ventilador. Este artículo presenta la continuación de un caso clínico publicado con anterioridad en Enfermería Clínica, en el que se describe la evolución clínica y la planificación de los cuidados enfermeros de los nuevos problemas que presentó María durante el proceso de destete del ventilador hasta que fue dada de alta de la UCI. Los diagnósticos enfermeros presentados durante este proceso fueron: ansiedad, que se solucionó a los 3 días de la implementación del plan de cuidados, y suplencia parcial en la necesidad de evitar peligros, causada por la agitación al disminuir la sedación farmacológica. Después de afrontar el proceso de destete satisfactoriamente, se planificaron los cuidados recomendados al alta en la UCI incluidos en el informe de continuidad de cuidados

María is a 26-year-old woman with Down syndrome, morbid obesity and a history of heart abnormalities, was admitted to an intensive care unit due to atypical pneumonia. At evaluation, she was sedated and connected to a ventilator. We present the continuation of a case previously reported in Enfermería Clínica. The clinical course and nursing care planning of new problems presented by María during the process of ventilator weaning until discharge from the intensive care unit (ICU) are described. The nursing diagnoses formulated during this process were: anxiety which was resolved 3 days after implementing a nursing care plan and providing assistance in the need to avoid danger, caused by agitation on reducing sedation. After the patient was satisfactorily weaned from the ventilator, the care recommended on discharge from the ICU included in the continuity of care report was planned

Las parteras y/o comadronas del siglo XVI: el manual de damiá Carbó / Midwives in the 16th century: damiá carbó's manual

El propósito de este artículo es reflexionar sobre la manera cómo pensaba las cuestiones , de la salud reproductiva de las mujeres y de los ninas, un médico de Mallorca, quien en el afio de 1541 redactó un pequeno manual sobre obstetrícia, ginecología y pediatría. Partiéndose de la situación actual de los estudios de la obstetricia y de su evolución histórica, se realiza una revisión de la literatura sobre el manual de Carbó y un análisis critico dei documento en donde se contextualizan y examinan Ias propuestas dei autor, con respecto a las actitudes que debería reunir la matrona y / o partera, sus competencias y destrezas. La enfermera/ obstetra de la época gozaba de prestigío social, los médicos aprovechando su experiencia se constituyen en actores de los cuidados obstétricos y utilizan la formación de la partera como un vehículo de autopromoción. Carbó concibió a las parteras como Ias expertas en su arte, con buena disposición física, ingeniosas, discretas, honradas y buenas cristianas...

Planificación enfermera ante una persona con falta de autonomía. Estudio de un caso / Nursing care planning in a patient lacking autonomy. A case study

Este trabajo muestra, a través de un caso clínico con datos reales, la integración del modelo de Virginia Henderson en la práctica asistencial. Se expone la valoración de una mujer de 26 años ingresada en una unidad de cuidados intensivos, así como la situación de su familia. Se formulan los problemas detectados y se realiza la planificación de los cuidados de enfermería. En el momento de la valoración, al día siguiente del ingreso, María Climent está sedada y de momento no puede modificar conducta alguna, por lo que no se plantean problemas para la independencia. Tiene una falta total de capacidad física y psíquica para hacer por sí misma las acciones apropiadas para satisfacer las necesidades básicas, por lo que se identifican 4 problemas de autonomía relacionados con la higiene y la protección de la piel: la eliminación, moverse y mantener la postura adecuada, así como el mantenimiento de la temperatura corporal

Through a case study with real data, this study shows the integration of Virginia Henderson's model in nursing practice. The evaluation of a 26-year-old woman admitted to the intensive care unit and the family situation are described. The problems detected were formulated and the nursing care plan was drawn up. At evaluation, the day after admission, María Climent was sedated and was unable to modify any form of behavior. Therefore programs of independence were not considered. The patient presented a complete lack of physical and mental capacity to satisfy her basic needs and consequently four problems of autonomy related to hygiene and skin protection, excretion, movement and maintenance of appropriate posture, and body temperature were identified

[The nursing field in education]. / La docencia enfermera. Convergencia hacia las nuevas technologías.

"Campus Extens" is a new correspondence course/open university educational project which makes use of new technologies in communication such as the Internet or videoconferences for the diffusion of its course content. This program commenced in 1997 as a provisional experimental program at the University of the Balearic Islands; at present, after six years up and running, this program is an established program. Classes in nursing were introduced as part of this program, due to a request by the Nursing Department, in an experimental provisional format since the academic year 2001-02 hoping to integrate new educational technologies and bring these closer to students in the Balearic Isles who find it difficult to attend traditional classes which are taught on the Palma campus and at the same time to make future correspondence courses possible. Taking the pedagogical materials which correspond to the Nursing Fundamentals course as an example, the authors describe the characteristics of this system, the educational model implemented, the didactic strategies which are used in this virtual classroom environment, as well as the methodological arrangement and the didactic materials which have been developed for this program. Finally, the authors want to point out that the participation of Nursing in this program has enabled the Nursing Department to respond to the educational and professional demands of the University of the Balearic Islands, to reflect critically about teaching methodology, to bring the School of Nursing and Physiotherapy closer to our university community and to design new projects for future correspondence/open university courses.

La docencia enfermera. Convergencia hacia las nuevas tecnologías / The nursing field in education

Campus Extens es un nuevo proyecto de educación a distancia que utiliza para su difusión las nuevas tecnologías de la comunicación como Internet o videoconferencias. Se inició en el año 1997 de manera experimental en la "Universitat de les Illes Balears" (U.I.B) y actualmente, después de seis años en funcionamiento, es un proyecto consolidado. Los estudios de enfermería entran, a petición propia, a formar parte de él de forma experimental y progresiva desde el curso 2001-2002 con la pretensión de acercar e integrar las nuevas tecnologías educativas a los estudiantes de Baleares con dificultades para acudir a las clases tradicionales que se imparten en el Campus de Palma y posibilitar futuras opciones docentes a distancia. Utilizando como ejemplo los materiales educativos de la asignatura de Fundamentos de Enfermería se exponen las características del sistema, el modelo de formación implementado, las estrategias didácticas que utilizamos en este entorno virtual de formación, así como el dispositivo metodológico y los materiales educativos que se han desarrollado. Para concluir señalamos que la participación de los estudios de Enfermería en este proyecto ha permitido responder a la demanda formativa y profesional de las Islas Baleares, hacer una reflexión crítica sobre la metodología docente, acercar la Escuela de Enfermería y Fisioterapia a nuestra Comunidad Universitaria y diseñar nuevos proyectos a distancia para el futuro (AU)